ࡱ> y bjbj ;{{=  P`ppp8,.;(q:s:s:s:s:s:s:$=?>:Qp:pp:ppq:q:2c3+v:T2]::0.;2@ @,c3c3@p3h::.;@ : CURRENT DATE The Honourable Robert Douglas Nicholson Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada 284 Wellington Street Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H8 Dear Minister Nicholson, I am writing to you as a supporter of Captain, a German Shepherd dog who was allegedly starved, stabbed, brutally beaten, and left in a dumpster to die in Vancouver, BC, Canada in July 2012. As someone who cares very strongly about the treatment of animals, I am abhorred by what happened to Captain, as are over 21,000 people who have signed an online petition ( HYPERLINK "http://www.ipetitions.com/petition/justice-for-captain/" http://www.ipetitions.com/petition/justice-for-captain/) created in honour and memory of Captain. Those signing the petition have requested that the BC and Canadian government ensure meaningful laws to protect animals are constructed and enforced. They also wish to see those responsible for abusing, neglecting, torturing, or otherwise harming animals, held appropriately accountable. Signers of the petition therefore call upon the British Columbia and federal Canadian governments to ensure laws are in place to provide such protection and see that those who do not uphold the law are punished accordingly. A hard-copy petition is also in place with regard to this matter, and over 2,000 signatures were presented in the House of Commons on February 6, 2013 by Member of Parliament Mr. Alex Atamanenko. That petition calls upon the House of Commons to work with the Provinces to ensure that federal and provincial laws are constructed and enforced that will ensure that those responsible for abusing, neglecting, torturing, or otherwise harming animals, are held appropriately accountable. I agree with the requests made to our government as set out in the petitions because I believe that the laws currently in place are likely to provide little more than what amounts to the proverbial slap on the wrist for Captains abuser and those like him or her. Animal cruelty must be taken seriously, not only for the harm it causes to animals but because of the demonstrated link between abuse of animals and subsequent or simultaneous violence towards humans. Minister Nicholson, as the overseer of Canadas federal legislation regarding animal cruelty, you must recognize this link and the concerns of over 23,000 people who signed the online and printed petitions (many of them Canadians) and act accordingly. I thus respectfully ask you to consider amending the animal cruelty provisions under the Criminal Code of Canada to ensure that animal abusers who perpetrate acts like those that were inflicted upon Captain are charged and meaningfully punished. A recent poll, conducted in 2010 by Harris-Decima for the World Society for the Protection of Animals (WSPA) , shows that I am not alone in my concern for the lack of protection for animals, and the weak, inadequate, and ineffective punishments that are meted out. Canadians overwhelmingly support stronger laws for the protection of animals and punishments for those who would abuse or neglect animals. The poll found that: the majority of Canadians support one of the core goals of the animal protection movement, which is to minimize and eventually eliminate all forms of animal cruelty and suffering (88%). Canadians would support the amendments the Canadian humane societies and other animal welfare groups are working to improve in Canadas federal animal cruelty laws. the majority of Canadians would personally support amendments to legislation that: recognize animals are sentient (87%), make it a more serious crime to brutally and viciously kill animals (84%). just over three quarters (78%) would support removing a loophole that allows animal owners to escape prosecution for neglecting their animals unless it can be proven the neglect was willful intent. almost three quarters (73%) of Canadians would personally support the recognition that animals are more than property by removing animal cruelty crimes from the Crimes Against Property section of Canada s Criminal Code. many would support removing a loophole that allows animal abusers to escape prosecution by arguing the animal died quickly and likely didn't suffer (or suffer much) (72%). the welfare and protection of animals is important to Canadians in many situations, and 94% of those polled expressed concern for the welfare and protection of animals kept as companions or pets. In addition to the concerns expressed by Canadians about the welfare of animals in the WSPA-commissioned poll, the strong relationship between crimes against animals and crimes against people can no longer be ignored. Research shows that people who abuse animals are more likely to commit future acts of violence against people. I will not go into great detail regarding that link, but academic research exists to support it. The British Columbia Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (BC SPCA) reports that, according to a US study, 71% offemale animal guardianswho enter protective care report their partner threatened, abused or killed a family animal ( HYPERLINK "http://www.spca.bc.ca/cruelty/the-violence-link.html" http://www.spca.bc.ca/cruelty/the-violence-link.html; accessed October 22, 2012). The BC SPCAalso has a section of their website dedicated to educating people about The Violence Link ( HYPERLINK "http://www.spca.bc.ca/welfare/professional-resources/the-violence-link/" http://www.spca.bc.ca/welfare/professional-resources/the-violence-link/) and indicates that their organization along with the Victim Services Division of the Ministry of Public Safety and Solicitor General, the BC/Yukon Transition Houses, BC Veterinary Medical Association and the BC Institute Against Family Violence have created awareness materials on the animal-human violence link and promote cross-reporting between law enforcement, animal care and social service agencies in British Columbia. Some additional publications of note regarding the link between animal cruelty and human violence stress the following points: Many studies in psychology, sociology, and criminology during the last 25 years have demonstrated that violent offenders frequently have childhood and adolescent histories of serious and repeated animal cruelty. The FBI has recognized the connection since the 1970s, when its analysis of the lives of serial killers suggested that most had killed or tortured animals as children. Other research has shown consistent patterns of animal cruelty among perpetrators of more common forms of violence, including child abuse, spouse abuse, and elder abuse. In fact, the American Psychiatric Association considers animal cruelty one of the diagnostic criteria of conduct disorder ( HYPERLINK "http://www.pet-abuse.com/pages/abuse_connection.php" \l "ixzz2A2vRnUYf" http://www.pet-abuse.com/pages/abuse_connection.php#ixzz2A2vRnUYf; accessed October 22, 2012). Standing alone, animal cruelty must be prosecuted to the greatest extent possible; this connection only emphasizes the need for additional attention. Animal cruelty and animal fighting are not isolated crimes. Children exposed to these activities are at a greater risk of becoming perpetrators or victims of crimes of violence. Animal abuse often occurs in the context of family violence and is frequently associated with other types of criminal activity, such as substance abuse, possession of dangerous weapons, and other offenses (Douglas F. Gansler, Maryland Attorney General; preface to the publication entitled First Strike: The Violence Connection; at  HYPERLINK "http://www.humanesociety.org/assets/pdfs/abuse/first_strike.pdf" http://www.humanesociety.org/assets/pdfs/abuse/first_strike.pdf; accessed October 22, 2012). The Chicago Police Department's Domestic Violence Program took a look at the criminal histories of animal fighting/animal abuse arrestees for 2000-2001 and found that approximately 30 percent had domestic violence charges on their records. There is legitimate evidence that the individuals involved in violent acts against animals present a danger to the public that must be addressed. Intentional animal abuse is often seen in association with other serious crimes including drug offenses, gang activity, weapons violations, sexual assault and domestic violenceand can be one of the most visible parts of an entire history of aggressive or antisocial behavior (American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, at  HYPERLINK "http://www.aspca.org/fight-animal-cruelty/domestic-violence-and-animal-cruelty" http://www.aspca.org/fight-animal-cruelty/domestic-violence-and-animal-cruelty; accessed October 22, 2012). In discussing the link between animal and human abuse, the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) asserts that abusers batter animals for the following reasons: To demonstrate power and control over the family To isolate the victim and children To enforce submission To perpetuate an environment of fear To prevent the victim from leaving or coerce her to return To punish for leaving or showing independence These are powerful reasons to take cases of animal abuse and cruelty very seriously, much more seriously than they have been taken to date. The information presented above is but a mere sample of the existing research outlining the link between cruelty to animals and violence toward humans. Although animals deserve protection in their own right, the propensity for animal abusers to also commit crimes against humans should serve to strengthen the resolve and urgency for you, Honourable Minister, to ensure adequate laws exist to protect animals and that people infringing the law are held accountable with stringent and predictable punishments. To date, this does not seem to have been the case.  Regarding animal cruelty legislation in the Criminal Code of Canada, although I recognize that the penalty for animal cruelty crimes was increased in 2008, the maximum penalties remain inadequate. Furthermore, the institution of greater maximum penalties is meaningless without removing the loopholes that allow animal abusers to continue to walk away unpunished. Stronger animal cruelty legislation and meaningful punishments would help stop the cycle of violence involving animals and humans, and therefore make our communities safer places to live. I use the current legislation and the cruelty perpetrated against Captain to demonstrate where improvements could be made to the existing legislation. In Captains case, the BC SPCA has recommended a charge under subsection 445.1(1)(a) of the Criminal Code of Canada, for wilfully causing or wilfully permitting to be caused unnecessary pain, suffering or injury to an animal or bird. Notwithstanding subsection 445.1(3) of the Criminal Code and the fact that in the absence of any evidence to the contrary, proof that the pain, suffering or injury was caused or was permitted to be caused wilfully, the existence of the word wilfully may discourage the laying of charges by setting a higher bar than necessary. Why is the word wilfully contained in the legislation? The concept of mens rea is overarching in criminal law. Therefore, whether the accused acted wilfully should be a determination left to the courts, not the prosecuting agency in the process of determining whether to lay a charge. With regard to punishment for animal cruelty, subsection 445.1(2) of the Code states as follows: (2)Every one who commits an offence under subsection (1) is guilty of (a)an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than five years; or (b)an offence punishable on summary conviction and liable to a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars or to imprisonment for a term of not more than eighteen months or to both. Given the link referred to earlier and the potential for animal abusers to subsequently or simultaneously harm humans, cruelty to animals is a serious offence and should be reflected as such in our Criminal Code. Thus, I suggest that animal cruelty should not be a hybrid offence but should instead be made an indictable offence with a maximum penalty of at least 10 years. Barring the removal from subsection 445.1(2) of animal cruelty being punishable on summary conviction, the legislation should be clarified by explicitly stating the circumstances under which animal cruelty will be prosecuted as a summary conviction offence as opposed to an indictable offence. A minimum penalty should also be considered for the most egregious cases of animal cruelty. Finally, with regard to subsection 447.1(1) of the Criminal Code, the word may should be replaced with must if Canadas legislation is truly meant to protect animals and do so successfully. In relation to companion animals at least, a minimum 5-year ban must (not may) be instituted after conviction for the first (not second or subsequent) conviction. Abusing or causing harm to and/or the death of an animal are serious crimes and those convicted of such crimes should not be given an easy opportunity to inflict the same fate on another animal. Being the owner of an animal should be a privilege, not a right. In my sincere opinion, if animals are to be adequately protected, those convicted of animal cruelty should be given a lifetime ban on owning or being in the company of animals. People want meaningful sentences for those who harm, abuse, maim, torture or kill animals. A meaningful sentence is not one that amounts to a slap on the wrist, but should have serious consequences, such as fines, jail time, and a lifetime ban on owning or being in the company of animals. A meaningful sentence should deter the individual from ever harming another animal and send a clear message that animal cruelty will not be tolerated in Canadian society. The Canadian government, by including a section in the Criminal Code dedicated to animal cruelty, acknowledges that animals deserve not to be treated cruelly. However, as outlined above, that legislation requires bolstering to ensure that it is able to respond adequately, not only to harm caused to animals, but to the real and serious threat animal abusers pose to humans. Furthermore, if animal cruelty is to be prevented and punished, it is contingent upon humans to ensure that this happensanimals are unable to speak for and defend themselves. I hope you will act in response to over 23,000 signatures on both an online and a printed petition asking for stronger animal cruelty legislation, penalties, and enforcement. In addition to the petition signatures, the poll commissioned by WSPA clearly demonstrates that Canadians want modern and effective animal cruelty legislation that will protect all animals from deliberate and reckless acts of cruelty and ensure that offenders are justly punished for their crimes. Taking action in response to these concerns is clearly the correct thing to do. Thus, I look forward to understanding your position on this issue and therefore request a response outlining how you plan to proceed in light of my suggestions. Sincerely, YOUR NAME YOUR FULL MAILING ADDRESS (necessary for the letter to be taken seriously and for you to receive a response from the Minister) Copy: Mr. Alex Atamanenko M.P. for BC Southern Interior 525 Confederation Bldg Ottawa ON K1A 0A6 CANADA Copy (ONLY if you are Canadian): YOUR MP (see  HYPERLINK "http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/Compilations/HouseOfCommons/MemberByPostalCode.aspx?Menu=HOC" http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/Compilations/HouseOfCommons/MemberByPostalCode.aspx?Menu=HOC to access your MP according to your postal code; please address to the House of Commons address)  This study was commissioned by the World Society for the Protection of Animals and conducted by Harris/Decima via telephone from October 26 to November 7, 2010. A total of 1,007 Canadians were surveyed. The associated margin of error is +/ 3.1%, 19 times out of 20. 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